Researchers decided to delve into this topic to understand the biological mechanisms associated with social phobia. “Given the influence of the gut on the development of autism, we wondered whether microbiome disruption could also be linked to social anxiety disorder?” the authors of the study share their thoughts.
The study involved 40 adolescents from China diagnosed with social phobia, as well as 32 adolescents without this disorder who were included in the control group. It is important to note that participants with social phobia had no other illnesses and were not taking psychotropic medications.
The scientists collected stool samples from all participants, after which they analyzed the genetic information of their gut bacteria in laboratory conditions. Then, the samples from both groups were combined into two separate microbiota suspensions.
These suspensions were administered to newborn rats, with injections given during the first days of life and continuing daily until the rodents reached adolescence.
In the next phase, the rats underwent behavioral tests to assess their anxiety levels both generally and socially. Researchers observed how the rats interacted with each other and how they navigated a special maze.
The results confirmed the researchers' hypotheses: rats that received the suspension from adolescents with social phobia exhibited clear signs of anxiety. Additional analysis showed that metabolic changes occurred in the brains of these rats, which could be linked to bacteria causing social anxiety.
“We came to an important conclusion that social anxiety disorder likely has certain biological consequences for the gut,” noted Junyu Lai, a co-author of the study from Shanghai University. “Our data confirm that the composition of the gut microbiota in adolescents with social phobia differs from that of their healthy peers.”
However, the study has its limitations. For example, all participants were residents of one country, and the scientists did not identify specific strains of bacteria or metabolites that could be responsible for the observed behavioral effects.
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