Seasons on Earth Vary Significantly at the Same Latitude – A Discovery

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The seasons on Earth vary greatly at the same latitude – a discovery

According to researchers, the familiar pattern of seasonal change — winter, spring, summer, autumn — reflects the life of plants in temperate latitudes, such as Europe and North America. However, in tropical and arid regions, the situation is completely different. In these areas, temperature ceases to be the main factor influencing vegetation development — parameters such as the availability of water and light come to the forefront.
“Seasonality is often perceived as a simple rhythm, yet our research shows that the natural calendar is much more complex,” noted study co-author Drew Terasaki Hart, an ecologist from the Australian government research organization CSIRO. According to him, this is especially noticeable in places where the shape and timing of local seasonal cycles change over short distances.

Scientists have identified striking seasonal asynchrony on the mountain slopes of the tropics and in Mediterranean climate zones. For example, coffee plantations in Colombia: farming plots separated by just one day’s journey through the mountains can have different harvest maturation cycles, as if they were in different hemispheres.

These discoveries shed light on the mystery of the high level of biodiversity in the tropics. When neighboring ecosystems operate on different seasonal schedules, it leads to plants and animals reproducing at different times. Over time, this can result in population divergence and contribute to the formation of new species.

The results of this study are important not only for understanding the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems. Researchers believe that this approach could be useful for studying aquatic habitats, as well as for monitoring nature's adaptation to climate changes. Moreover, a new perspective on seasonal changes may prove significant for agriculture and even epidemiology, as many infectious diseases are also subject to seasonal patterns.
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