According to a new study conducted at the University of Bristol, regular aerobic activity not only strengthens the heart muscle but also alters the nerve network that controls heart function. These findings have the potential to lead to the development of more precise and effective treatments for various cardiovascular diseases.
The autonomic nervous system, which regulates heart activity, functions like a "tachometer" for heartbeats. Physical activity modifies this mechanism, creating differences between the left and right sides, which results in a hidden asymmetry that researchers have only just begun to pay attention to. This asymmetry may explain why some therapeutic approaches are more effective on one side of the body.
During experiments, it was found that in rats that engaged in physical activity for 10 weeks, the number of neurons in the right cluster of cardiovascular nerves increased fourfold compared to inactive animals. At the same time, the neurons on the right side decreased in size, while on the left side, they increased by almost double. Modern three-dimensional visualization methods known as stereology were used to analyze the structure.
These results are significant for the treatment of various heart rhythm disorders, angina, and "broken heart" syndrome caused by stress. They open up prospects for more targeted interventions on nerve nodes, which could enhance the effectiveness of treatment on a specific side of the body.
The next phase of research will focus on studying how changes in nerve structure affect heart function at rest and during physical activity, as well as searching for similar patterns in other animals and in humans using non-invasive methods.
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