Factors Contributing to Smog
According to a review by the Asian Development Bank, the primary factor contributing to air pollution is the use of coal for heating homes.Expert from "Unison Group" Zhanibek Kulumbetov notes: "Houses in Bishkek require a significant amount of heat, as their insulation leaves much to be desired. This accounts for about 40% of all emissions."
Azat Muradyl adds: "In the heating process, we lose a lot of heat as it escapes through gaps, and essentially we are heating the streets."
Among other factors causing smog, specialists cite vehicles, the operation of thermal power plants, boiler houses, waste burning, and dust in the city.
Possible Solutions to the Problem
Experts propose various approaches to solving the heating problem, including gasification, installation of solar panels, heat pumps, and insulation of buildings.“Solar stations will allow us to obtain electricity for free. Additionally, insulating buildings can reduce energy consumption by half. Heat pumps can decrease energy consumption for heating by three to four times,” emphasizes Kulumbetov.
According to him, solar stations can be used either fully for electricity production or in a hybrid mode with backup from the grid. In some cases, it is even possible to sell excess electricity. The installation of such systems can occur in both the private and business sectors, as well as at the state level.
Azat Muradyl points out that thanks to local manufacturers, the cost of solar panels and heat pumps is becoming more affordable. “Opportunities are growing, and our companies are starting to offer such solutions,” he adds.
Furthermore, Kulumbetov emphasizes that private homes can take advantage of preferential financing for the installation of solar stations. The payback period for such investments can be 7-10 years.
The expert also mentions that many banks have green financing programs, which can help address issues in the private sector.
Solar stations are harmless, as they do not emit pollutants. Heat will be provided by the electricity generated.
“A 1-kilowatt solar panel will cost about $1,000. A heat pump for 100 square meters consumes between 1.5 to 2 kilowatts,” he specifies.
When it comes to private homes, it is necessary to insulate the roofs and at least two sides of the building that are exposed to winds, as well as the windows,” adds Muradyl.
Experts emphasize the importance of a comprehensive approach to improving energy efficiency—from building insulation to the use of alternative energy sources.
