According to him, this problem is relevant not only for the capital but also for cities around the world.
Kasymov explained that smog is a mixture of dust, gases, and both organic and inorganic substances formed as a result of human activity, including industry, construction, and the use of cars. All these factors contribute to the deterioration of air quality in Bishkek.
He also noted that the highest levels of air pollution are observed during the autumn-winter period and partially in spring, when residents of the capital often encounter smog, which raises concerns.
"Children are particularly at risk, as their immune and morphofunctional systems are not yet fully developed, making them more vulnerable to the effects of polluted air," he emphasized.
Kasymov reported that over the past 7-8 years, instances of severe smog have become regular. He added that air pollution varies throughout the year depending on climatic and geographical conditions. For example, rain can naturally cleanse the air, making breathing easier. In calm conditions and low temperatures, soot and other unpleasant odors accumulate in the air, which can penetrate apartments, creating discomfort.
The academician provided data on the health of the population before the COVID-19 pandemic, indicating an increase in various diseases.
"We observed a deterioration in the health of the population at a rate of 10-20 cases per 100,000 people. The rate of increase in cardiovascular diseases was about two percent, while respiratory diseases increased by 24 to 34%," he noted.
Kasymov also highlighted that children's health has been particularly affected: "In the group of children aged 0 to 14 years, the overall morbidity increased by 8-11%, with cardiovascular diseases rising by 14-18%, and respiratory diseases by 11-14%."
After the pandemic, there has been a slight decrease in these indicators; however, Kasymov believes this may be related to both real changes and underreporting of diseases.
To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of smog on health, the scientist considers it necessary to conduct special studies.
“Screening and targeted studies are needed to accurately determine when and under what conditions the health of the population deteriorates,” he added.Furthermore, Kasymov emphasizes the importance of regularly informing citizens about air quality. Previously, such data was published, but recently it has become insufficient.
“When residents are informed about air quality, they can take measures: avoid outdoor walks on unfavorable days, purify the air indoors, etc.,” the academician noted.
Kasymov stressed that smog during periods of high concentration negatively affects the health of the population, particularly the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. In spring, the number of people suffering from allergies increases, as the dust-gas mixture that constitutes smog contains organic and inorganic substances, causing various symptoms, especially in children.
He also pointed out the influence of air pollution, which occurs not only from the private sector of Bishkek but also from areas of the Chui region. Due to the topographical features and inversion, polluted air can spread throughout the valley.
Urban planning solutions also play a key role: according to Kasymov, construction and greening should promote natural air exchange and improve air quality.
The scientist positively assessed the transition of some types of urban transport to gas and electricity but expressed dissatisfaction with the dismantling of the trolleybus network. "Trolleybuses could have been modernized, considering the current shortage of public transport," he noted.
Kasymov emphasizes that many factors influence the health of the population, including the dust-gas mixture, seasonal infections, weather conditions, and geomagnetic storms. During such periods, elderly people and children should exercise particular caution.
The use of air purifiers can help create more favorable conditions in living and working spaces; however, such technology is not accessible to everyone.
“It is necessary to develop large-scale programs to improve air quality in Bishkek and the Chui Valley,” he concluded.The academician is confident that solving the smog problem requires a comprehensive approach and active participation from various government structures.
“This is not only a public health issue that faces the consequences. The main task is to eliminate the causes of air pollution,” Kasymov summarized.
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