- Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare neoplasms that arise in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) from interstitial cells of Cajal.
The study involved 75 patients with an average age of 57.4 ± 12.3 years (ranging from 28 to 81 years). Women constituted 44% (n=33), and men — 56% (n=42). The distribution of tumors by location is as follows: 46 cases (61.3%) — in the stomach, 21 cases (28%) — in the small intestine, 5 cases (6.7%) — in the large intestine, and 3 cases (4%) — in the retroperitoneal area.
The results of the immunohistochemical analysis showed that most patients exhibited combined expression of the proteins CD117 and DOG1, which are the main markers for diagnosing GIST. CD117 (c-KIT) is a receptor protein often found on the surface of GIST cells, which aids in tumor identification. DOG1 is a protein whose expression is also characteristic of most GISTs, especially when the level of CD117 is low.
Positive expression of CD117 was recorded in 94.7% of patients, DOG1 in 90.7%, and CD34 in 69.3%. At the same time, SMA and S-100 showed positive results in 35% and 8% of cases, respectively. The Ki-67 index ranged from 1% to 30%, indicating varying degrees of tumor aggressiveness.
A comparative analysis with international data showed a high degree of correspondence: positive expression of CD117 in global studies is recorded in 85-95% of cases. Detailed information on the comparative characteristics of immunohistochemical markers is presented in the study tables.
The authors of the study emphasize that immunohistochemical analysis is an important step in both the diagnosis and prognosis of GIST. The use of standard markers and the analysis of Ki-67 allow for the assessment of the biological characteristics of the tumor and improve the approach to patient treatment, especially with limited access to molecular methods in Kyrgyzstan.
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