On December 29, Mongolia celebrates the 114th anniversary of its national freedom and restoration of independence, as well as 114 years since the establishment of the country's modern diplomatic corps.
In a historical context, December 29, 1911, marked an important event — the liberation of Mongolia from Manchu rule and the return of its sovereignty to the international arena.
This event occurred against the backdrop of a crisis in the Qing Empire and was a consequence of Russian revolutionary movements. On this day, Bogdo-gegen VIII ascended to the khan's throne, symbolizing the end of Manchu dominance and the beginning of a new era of Mongolian statehood. Historians' opinions on the period of Manchu rule vary.
- Mongolia was under Manchu control for over 200 years, and different historians interpret this time differently: some call it colonial, some oppressed, and some governed by the Manchus. However, in recent years, research increasingly refers to "Mongolia during the period of Manchu rule." Based on the facts, it can be argued that it was not a colony in the conventional sense. Researchers have concluded that Mongolia was a vassal or "vassal-like" entity. The Manchus, although they invaded and subjugated the Mongols, did not commit mass killings. Mongolian princes continued to govern their lands according to traditional laws and customs, but in the political hierarchy, the supreme ruler remained the Manchu khan, while the Mongols held lower positions. Therefore, it can be concluded that Mongolia was indeed under Manchu influence, — asserts Boldbaatar Chultem, a professor at the Faculty of History of the Mongolian University of Science and Technology.
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