Breast cancer continues to be one of the most common oncological diseases among women both in Kyrgyzstan and worldwide. A recent issue of the journal "Healthcare of Kyrgyzstan" presents a study focusing on the heterogeneity of subtypes of this disease and their relationship with obesity and age.

An important aspect of the work is the investigation of obesity as a significant risk factor. The impact of this condition on the incidence and treatment outcomes of breast cancer varies depending on menopausal status: in premenopause, a higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with a lower risk, while in postmenopause, it is associated with an increased risk.

Considering the specifics of the epidemiological situation and the healthcare system in Kyrgyzstan, the authors of the study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the problem, highlighting key challenges and proposing directions for improving the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer.

The main objective of this study is to present a complete picture of the epidemiology of breast cancer, emphasize the clinical significance of molecular subtypes, and explore the cross-influence of obesity and age on the risk and outcomes of the disease, with a focus on data and practice in Kyrgyzstan.

As part of the work, an analysis of publications from peer-reviewed journals and reports from relevant organizations (PubMed, Cochrane, WHO, SEER, GLOBOCAN) was conducted for the period from 2013 to 2024. An analytical framework was applied that integrates epidemiology, biology of subtypes, risk factors, and organization of medical care.

The results of the study showed that luminal subtypes dominate the structure of breast cancer; the triple-negative subtype is less common but is associated with the highest proportion of early recurrences. The relationship between BMI and disease risk depends on menopausal status.

According to GLOBOCAN data, approximately 2.3 million new cases of breast cancer were registered annually worldwide from 2020 to 2022. In Kyrgyzstan, the standardized incidence rate is lower than the average in Central Asia, but there is a trend toward an increase.

The researchers noted that the biological heterogeneity of breast cancer and modifiable risk factors require targeted prevention and coordinated clinical pathways. For Kyrgyzstan, the priority areas are: