By the beginning of 2025, the National Center for Oncology and Hematology of the Ministry of Health of Kyrgyzstan has registered 35,163 patients with oncological diseases. However, access to advanced diagnostic and treatment methods, as well as to antitumor drugs, remains limited, negatively affecting survival rates.
A study conducted by Sulaymanova A.A., Bukueva N.M., and Jumabaev A.R. was published in the journal "Healthcare of Kyrgyzstan."
According to the study's results, by the end of 2024, the five-year survival rate for cancer patients was 34.2%.
From 2020 to 2024, there has been an increase in the number of new cases of malignant neoplasms in the country: from 5,377 in 2020 to 6,651 by the end of 2024. The number of deaths from these diseases remained high: 3,539 people in 2020, 3,438 in 2021, 3,352 in 2022, 3,420 in 2023, and 3,390 in 2024.
The study shows that the incidence rates continue to rise: 85.1 new cases per 100,000 population in 2021, 88.5 in 2022, 86.0 in 2023, with a projected increase to 91.3 per 100,000 in 2024. At the same time, a decrease in mortality is expected to 46.5 per 100,000 population. For the years 2021-2023, the mortality rates were 51.0, 48.1, and 48.2 per 100,000 population, respectively, while in 2024 it decreased to 30.7 per 100,000 population.
Malignant neoplasms rank second among the causes of death from all diseases in Kyrgyzstan, second only to cardiovascular diseases. In 2023, the incidence rate was 446.35, and the annual mortality rate was 46.3 per 100,000 population.
The highest incidence rate was recorded in the Naryn region — 120.3 per 100,000 population. This is followed by Chui region, Bishkek, and Issyk-Kul region with rates of 120.0, 116.1, and 114.2 per 100,000 population, respectively. The highest mortality is observed in the Naryn region — 72.7 per 100,000 population, followed by Issyk-Kul region — 58.4 and Chui region — 55.8 per 100,000 population.
More than 55% of all cancer cases are diagnosed in people aged 35 to 64 years. By type of oncological diseases, stomach cancer ranks first (12.8%), followed by breast cancer (12.6%), lung cancer (8.4%), cervical cancer (7.2%), and liver cancer (5.1%). In the structure of mortality from oncological diseases, stomach cancer leads (8.2%), followed by lung cancer (6.0%) and breast cancer (4.2%).
Across the country, 54.5% of patients are diagnosed at stages III–IV. The highest percentage of stage IV is observed in lung cancer (48.4%), liver cancer and intrahepatic bile ducts (50.4%), as well as stomach cancer (36.6%).
Experts emphasize that the data presented indicate a low level of public awareness about risk factors and the prevention of oncological diseases, as well as a lack of oncological vigilance at the primary healthcare level, which directly affects late diagnosis and low survival rates.
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