According to a UNICEF report, about 30% of children aged 1 to 14 in this region experience corporal punishment from parents or guardians. Psychological aggression affects between 36% and 69% of children in the 15 countries studied. Often, these forms of "discipline" are applied simultaneously.
As of 2025, 39 countries in Europe and Central Asia have already banned corporal punishment in any form. However, despite the existence of legislative measures and a growing awareness of their negative impact, violent parenting methods remain widespread and are perceived by many as "normal." More than 90% of parents acknowledge that physical punishment and psychological aggression are unnecessary, yet many continue to apply them," the document emphasizes.
How Age Affects the Risk of Physical Punishment
Data shows that the level of corporal punishment increases in early childhood, peaking at ages three to four, after which it begins to decline. The level of physical violence among children aged 10-14 is significantly lower in many countries.The use of violence in parenting can undermine a child's sense of safety and negatively affect their development and learning, as well as increase the likelihood of emotional and behavioral problems.
Factors Contributing to Violence
In countries with available data, boys are more likely to experience corporal punishment compared to girls. The difference in cases of psychological aggression is less significant, but boys still tend to be victims slightly more often. This may be linked to gender stereotypes that view boys as needing stricter control.Additionally, children with disabilities are more frequently subjected to corporal punishment than their peers without disabilities, highlighting the need for inclusive protective measures.
Creating a Safe Childhood for All Children
UNICEF emphasizes that violent discipline can have long-term emotional and psychological consequences for children.Nevertheless, most parents do not intend to harm their children – such actions are often a result of stress, social norms, and a lack of support.
This means that violence can be countered.“Clear laws, resources for their implementation, effective monitoring, and, importantly, preventive measures are needed. Work with parents, educators, and specialists should focus on promoting non-violent parenting methods,” conclude UNICEF experts.
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