As noted, this document was adopted in June 2023 and has already been signed by representatives of 145 countries, of which 81 states have completed the ratification process.
The Agreement builds on the provisions of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and significantly strengthens legal mechanisms for the protection of two-thirds of the world's oceans. It also establishes a framework for international cooperation in the exploration of ocean resources.
The timely implementation of this agreement will be an important step towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals related to the ocean, and will also contribute to the fulfillment of the Kunming-Montreal Global Framework for Biodiversity.
“Coastal ecosystems are threatened by toxic chemicals and millions of tons of plastic waste, leading to the death of fish, sea turtles, birds, and mammals, as well as harming human health through food products. In 2021, over 17 million tons of plastic were dumped into the world's oceans, accounting for 85 percent of the total marine debris. Projections indicate that these figures will double or triple annually. If the situation does not change, by 2050 the amount of plastic in the ocean will exceed the amount of fish,” the report states.
The Agreement imposes obligations on countries that pollute the ocean and establishes mechanisms for resolving potential disputes. According to its provisions, any planned activities in waters beyond national jurisdiction must be accompanied by an assessment of potential environmental impacts.
Scientists estimate that to date, nearly 200,000 species of marine organisms are known, but the actual number may be significantly higher.
