Bishkek Master Plan: Whose Homes and Lands May Be at Risk of Changes

Сергей Гармаш Society
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Bishkek General Plan: whose homes and lands may be at risk of changes
The Bishkek City Hall presented responses to questions and suggestions from residents that were voiced during public hearings on the capital's general development plan until 2050, held on December 24-25, 2025. Citizens came with specific requests regarding their homes and land plots, but many responses boiled down to the fact that details would be determined later, at the detailed planning stage.
One of the most painful topics was private property and possible demolitions. Residents asked whether changes would affect private homes, old buildings, and properties along main streets.
In the responses from the city hall and developers, it was repeatedly emphasized that the general plan does not foresee the demolition of residential buildings, and any changes are only possible with the consent of the owners. However, in each such clarification, there was a caveat that specific decisions regarding street expansions and functional use of territories would be made at later stages after the document's approval, which again creates uncertainty for citizens, despite formal guarantees.

Photo from Bishkek City Hall. General Plan-2030
Additionally, the issue of red lines and the accessibility of information became acute. Participants in the hearings noted that many residents do not know where the red lines are and what restrictions they impose. Developers acknowledged that the previous general plan was not accessible to the public. Now, the authorities intend to provide materials in electronic form, except for engineering sections. This step was perceived as important for restoring trust in the document.

Photo from the internet
The discussion of functional zoning and color coding of territories also raised many questions. Residents tried to understand what the different colors on the map mean and whether they grant the right to build. The clarifications indicated that the red zone implies multi-story construction, the purple zone includes multifunctional or specialized objects, the green zone refers to green areas, and the white zone consists of plots undergoing amnesty. However, people were interested not only in the colors but also in the legal consequences: can construction or reconstruction begin now.
The topic of green zones also sparked much debate. During the hearings, numerous comments were received from residents whose plots fell into green zones, despite the presence of residential buildings. Some responses indicated that the boundaries of green zones would be reconsidered, while in other cases, proposals were rejected citing previously approved projects.
The authorities also promised to restore irrigation systems and develop watering, emphasizing that without this, the expansion of green zones loses meaning.

The issues of transport infrastructure revealed a gap between residents' expectations and the logic of the general plan. Citizens raised topics such as expanding streets to 6-8 lanes, creating new roads, organizing parking, and pedestrian infrastructure. The responses indicated that the general plan only defines the direction of road network development, and specific parameters will be clarified later.
It was also noted that the document does not provide for the construction of a metro; instead, trams, urban railways, and metro buses are proposed. Many practical questions, such as sidewalks and stops, were deemed unrelated to the tasks of the general plan.
Social infrastructure also became an important topic. Residents and deputies spoke about the lack of schools, kindergartens, and medical institutions, especially in areas of individual housing and annexed territories. In the responses from the city hall, it was mentioned that schools and kindergartens are planned on reserved municipal lands, and in multi-story buildings, social facilities must be provided. However, specific addresses and timelines for implementation were not named.

The issues of land amnesty and the transformation of plots were also at the center of the discussion. Residents were interested in the fate of houses built after 2021 and why plots with utilities continue to be classified as agricultural land. The responses stated that such plots are temporarily marked in white, and their status will be reviewed after the amnesty is completed. Regarding transformation issues, it was suggested to submit documents in the established manner.

Overall, the public hearings demonstrated that the general plan is perceived by citizens as a document that directly affects their daily lives, rather than as a strategic plan.
The main requests from the community boil down to three key points: clear guarantees regarding private property, access to maps and red lines, and a real connection between development plans with transport, green zones, and social infrastructure.
The level of trust in the general plan and its implementation will depend on how consistently the authorities respond to these requests.
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